Graduate Programs and Research - Faculty of Education

School of Human Kinetics

Director: Robert Sparks

School Phone: 604-822-3838
School Fax: 604-822-6842

Web site: http://www.hkin.educ.ubc.ca

Human Kinetics is a cross-disciplinary body of knowledge, which focuses on the bio-physical and psycho-social dimensions of human movement, exercise, sport, and play and the cultural context within which these elements of human behaviour have developed and occur. Problems studied range from cellular analysis of neuromuscular function, movement control and psycho-social factors influencing human movement, to analyses of social and cultural transformations in the role and functions of exercise, play, and sport.

Exercise and Sport Psychology
Behavioural Medicine
Psychology of Group Dynamics
Transformational Leadership
Role Perceptions
Close Relationships

Transformational Teaching and Adolescent Physical Activity (Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research)

Beauchamp, M. R., & Carron, A. V. (in press). Exercise preferences and environmental contexts: A response to King and Wilcox. Annals of Behavioral Medicine.

Jackson, B., Knapp, P., & Beauchamp, M. R. (in press). Origins and consequences of tripartite efficacy beliefs within elite athlete dyads. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology.

Morton, K. J., Biddle, S. J. H., & Beauchamp, M. R. (in press). Changes in self determination during an exercise referral scheme. Public Health. doi:10.1016/j.puke.2007.11.006

Beauchamp, M. R., & Eys, M. A. (2008). Group dynamics in exercise and sport psychology, Contemporary themes. London/ New York: Routledge.

Beauchamp, M. R., & Jackson, B., & Lavallee, D. (2008). Personality, preferences, and intra-group communication. In M. R. Beauchamp & M. A. Eys (Eds), Group dynamics in exercise and sport psychology, Contemporary themes (pp. 25-41). London/ New York: Routledge.

Beauchamp, M. R., Timson, & Lothian, J. L. (2008). Understanding self and others: A personality preference-based intervention with an elite co-acting sport team. Sport & Exercise Psychology Review, 4(1), 4-20.

Harwood, C. G, & Beauchamp, M. R. (2008). Group functioning through optimal achievement goals. In M.R. Beauchamp & M. A. Eys (Eds). Group dynamics in exercise and sport psychology, Contemporary themes (pp. 201-219). London/ New York: Routledge.

Beauchamp, M. R. (2007). Efficacy beliefs within relational and group contexts in sport. In S. Jowett and D. Lavallee (Eds.), Social psychology in sport (pp. 181-193). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

Beauchamp, M. R., Carron, A.V., McCutcheon, S., & Harper, O. (2007). Older exercisers’ preferences for exercising alone versus in groups: Considering contextual congruence. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 33(2), 200-206.

Beauchamp, M. R., Welch, A. S., & Hulley, A. J. (2007). Transformational and transactional leadership and exercise-related self-efficacy: An exploratory study. Journal of Health Psychology, 12(1), 83-88.

Jackson, B., Beauchamp, M. R., & Knapp, P. R. (2007). Relational efficacy beliefs in athlete dyads: An investigation using actor-partner interdependence models. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 29, 170-189.

Welch, A. S., Hulley, A., Ferguson, C., & Beauchamp, M. R. (2007). Psychological responses of inactive women to a maximal incremental exercise test: A test of the dual-mode Model. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8, 401-423. doi::10.1016/j.psychsport.2006.09.002.

Research Keywords: Adolescent Issues, Aging, Children and Youth, Exercise Science and Promotion, Measurement, Mental Health, Motivation, Psychological Assessment, Self Perception and Self Esteem, Self-regulation, Social Cognition, Sport and Exercise Psychology

Neurophysiology of the spine
Head-neck control
Whiplash injuries
Postural control
Vestibulospinal and reticulospinal pathways

Current Research Projects:

The research themes of the Spine Neurophysiology Laboratory are centred around the biomechanics and anatomy/physiology of the head and neck. Specific research interests included i) the neurophysiology of the deep and superficial neck muscles using surface and indwelling recordings, ii) the physiological responses evoked by whole-body (simulating whiplash motion) or spinal perturbations and iii) vestibulospinal and reticulospinal projections to the axial and lower limbs motoneurons. The research work on whiplash injuries is performed in collaboration with MEA Forensic Engineers & Scientists in Richmond, BC (www.meaforensic.com). Some research projects are applied to patient populations, particularly persons with spinal cord or whiplash injuries, to determine the neuromechanical effects of these injuries on the spine motor system and hopefully lead to the development of better diagnostic tools and treatments.

Siegmund, G. P., Blouin, J. S., Brault, J. R., Hedenstierna, S., & Inglis, J. T. (in press). Electromyography of superficial and deep neck muscles during isometric, voluntary and reflex contractions. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering.

Blouin, J. S., Inglis, J. T., & Siegmund, G. P. Startle responses elicited by whiplash perturbations. Journal of Physiology. 2006, 573(Pt 3): 857-67.

Blouin, J. S., Inglis, J. T., & Siegmund, G. P. Auditory startle alters the response of human subjects exposed to a single whiplash-like perturbation. Spine. 2006, 15(2): 146-154.

Descarreaux, M., Blouin, J. S., & Teasdale, N. Repositioning accuracy and movement parameters in low back pain subjects and healthy control subjects. European Spine Journal 2005, 14(2): 185-191.

Blouin, J. S., Bard, C., & Paillard, J. Contribution of the cerebellum to self-initiated synchronized movements: A PET study. Experimental Brain Research 2004, 155(1): 63-68.

Corbeil, P., Blouin, J. S., & Teasdale, N. Effects of intensity and locus of painful stimulation on postural stability. Pain 2004, 108(1): 43-50.

Descarreaux, M., Blouin, J. S., & Teasdale, N. Isometric force production parameters in low back pain patients and healthy control subjects. Spine 2004, 29(3): 311-317.

Blouin, J. S., Corbeil, P., & Teasdale, N. Postural stability is altered by the stimulation of pain but not warm receptors in humans. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2003, 4:23 (pp. 1-9).

Corbeil, P., Blouin, J. S., Bégin, F., Nougier, V., & Teasdale, N. Perturbation of the postural control system induced by muscular fatigue. Gait Posture 2003, 18(2): 92-100.

Blouin, J. S., Descarreaux, M., Belanger-Gravel, A., Simoneau, M., & Teasdale, N. Self-initiating a seated perturbation modifies the neck postural responses in humans. Neuroscience Letters 2003, 347(1): 1-4.

Blouin, J. S., Descarreaux, M., Belanger-Gravel, A., Simoneau, M., & Teasdale, N. Attenuation of human neck muscle activity following repeated imposed trunk-forward linear acceleration. Experimental Brain Research 2003, 150(4): 458-464.

Human Movement
Children and Youth
Early Childhood
Aging
Teacher Research
Assessment
Pedagogy

The overall theme of my research program is to examine the transition from inexperienced to skilled states of motor behaviour and the subsequent changes that emerge as a result of such a transition. From a theoretical perspective, the objective is to investigate the processes and mechanisms that underlie the learning of complex motor tasks, with a specific interest on the effects of practice on the relationship between perception and action. From a practical orientation, my research focuses on examining the variables that impinge on the practice session, with an explicit interest in identifying those factors that enhance skill acquisition, and conversely, those factors that are detrimental to the long-term retention and transfer of motor tasks. These issues are examined from both the perspective of the learner, as well as from the perspective of the teacher/instructor/coach. The ultimate humanistic goal of this research is to develop instructional strategies and pedagogical paradigms for the enhancement of skill acquisition in a wide range of movement settings. In addition, this research focuses on designing training environments, which promote self-directed learning and life-long physical activity behaviour. Therefore, the aforementioned issues are investigated from a lifespan perspective, which includes such populations as infants and children, aging individuals, and persons with a chronic disease. This research has important application for school-based programs, recreation programs, clinical settings, as well as home-based environments.

Research Keywords: Human Movement, Children and Youth, Early Childhood, Aging, Teacher Research, Assessment, Pedagogy

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The first objective of my research is to identify the neural, musculo-skeletal and psychological factors that contribute to balance deficits and falls associated with age, Parkinson's disease, vestibular loss and spinal cord injury. The second objective is to identify optimal exercise, training and treatment strategies to improve age and disease-specific balance deficits and reduce the occurrence and impact of falls. The Neural Control of Posture and Movement Laboratory features a comprehensive approach to studying dynamic control of balance by combining various neuro-physiological and biomechanical techniques, including surface and intra-muscular electromyography, 3D full-body motion analysis and force measurement coupled with quantitative and qualitative assessment of perceived and physiological effects of fear and anxiety. Virtual reality will be used to manipulate balance-related anxiety and recreate the environmental conditions that lead to falls in everyday life. Virtual environments will be integrated with a unique moving balance platform capable of producing unexpected multi-directional balance disturbances.

Carpenter, M. G., Tokuno, C.D., Thorstensson, A., & Cresswell, A.G. (2008). Differential control of abdominal muscles during multi-directional support-surface translations in man. Exp Brain Res, 188, 445-55.

Hauck, J. L., Carpenter, M. G., & Frank, J. S. (2008). Task specific measures of balance efficacy, anxiety, and stability and their relationship to clinical balance performance. Gait Posture, 27, 676-82.

Adkin, A. L., Campbell, A. D., Chua, R., & Carpenter, M. G. (2008). The influence of postural threat on the cortical response to unpredictable and predictable postural perturbations. Neurosci Lett, 435, 120-5.

Carpenter, M. G. (2008). Emotional influences on posture and movement. 2 nd International Congress on Gait and Mental Function, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Allum, J. H, Oude Nijhuis, L. B., & Carpenter, M. G. (2007). Differences in coding provided by proprioceptive and vestibular sensory signals may contribute to lateral instability in vestibular loss subjects. Exp Brain Res, 84, 391-410.

Bjerkefors, A., Carpenter, M. G., & Thorstensson, A. (2007). Dynamic trunk stability is improved in paraplegics following kayak ergometer training. Scand J Med Sci Sport, 17, 672-9.

Carpenter, M. G., Adkin, A. L., Brawley, L., & Frank, J. S. (2006). Postural, physiological and psychological reactions to challenging balance: does age make a difference? Age Ageing, 35, 298-303.

Allum, J. H. J., & Carpenter, M. G. (2005). A speedy solution for balance and gait analysis: Angular velocity measured at the centre of body mass . Curr Opin Neurol, 18, 15-21.

Carpenter, M. G., Thorstensson, A., & Cresswell, A. G. (2005). Deceleration affects anticipatory and reactive components of triggered postural responses. Exp Brain Res, 23, 1-13.

Carpenter, M. G., Frank, J. S., Adkin, A. L., Paton, A., & Allum, J. H. J. (2004). Influence of postural anxiety on postural reactions to multi-directional surface rotations. J Neurophys, 92, 3255-3265.

Carpenter, M. G., Allum, J. H. J., Honegger, F., Adkin, A. L., & Bloem, B. R. (2004). Postural abnormalities to multidirectional stance perturbations in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 75, 1245-1254.

Carpenter, M. G., Thorstensson, A, & Cresswell, A.G. (2004). Neuro-mechanical responses are influenced by the acceleration-deceleration interval of a balance perturbation. European Society of Biomechanics, Den Bosch, The Netherlands.

Allum, J. H. J., Carpenter, M. G., & Honegger, F. (2003). Directional aspects of balance corrections in man. IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag, 22, 37-47.

Allum, J. H. J., Carpenter, M. G., Honegger, F., Adkin, A. L., & Bloem, B. R. (2002). Age-dependent variations in the directional sensitivity of balance corrections and compensatory arm movements in man. J Physiol, 542, 643-663.

Bloem, B. R., Allum, J. H.J., Carpenter, M. G., Verschuuren, J. J. G. M., & Honegger, F. (2002). Triggering of balance corrections and compensatory strategies in a patient with total leg proprioceptive loss. Exp Brain Res, 142 , 91-107.

Carpenter, M. G., Allum, J. H. J., & Honegger, F. (2001). Vestibular influences on human postural control in combinations of pitch and roll planes reveal differences in spatiotemporal processing. Exp Brain Res, 140, 95-111.

Carpenter, M. G., Frank, J. S., & Silcher, C. P. (2001). The influence of postural threat on the control of upright stance. Exp Brain Res , 138, 210-218.

Carpenter, M. G., Frank, J. S., Winter, D. A., & Peysar, G. W. (2001). Sampling duration effects on centre of pressure summary measures. Gait Posture, 13, 35-40.

Carpenter, M. G., Allum, J. H. J., & Honegger, F. (1999). Directional sensitivity of stretch reflexes and balance corrections for normal subjects in the roll and pitch planes. Exp Brain Res, 129, 93-113.

Carpenter, M. G., Frank, J. S., & Silcher, C. P. (1999). Surface height effects on postural control: a hypothesis for a stiffness strategy for stance. J Ves Res, 9, 277-286.

Carpenter, M. G., Allum, J. H. J., & Honegger, F. (1997). Influence of stimulus velocity on human postural responses in the pitch and roll planes. International Society of Posture and Gait Meeting, Paris, France.

Carpenter, M. G., Allum, J. H. J., & Honegger, F. (1997). New uses of dynamic posturography for quantifying the directional sensitivity of vestibulo-spinal and other balance deficits. New Objective Tests in Clinical Audiology and Neuro-Otology Workshop, Warsaw, Poland.

Research Keywords: Human Movement, Physical Education, Motor Learning and Development

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Perceptual and Sensory Contributions to the Preparation and Execution of Goal-directed Movement. The general theme of Dr. Chua’s research program is the study of perceptual and sensory contributions to the preparation and execution of goal-directed movement.

The areas of investigation include:
(1) vision and action-investigation of the interaction between processes underlying visual perception and the control of visually-guided action;
(2) movement preparation-electrophysiological investigations of the preparation of goal-directed action and of response selection processes;
(3) coordination dynamics-the examination of neuromuscular and biomechanical constraints that influence the dynamics of movement coordination;
(4) perceptual-motor compatibility-investigation of the impact of stimulus-response organization on human information processing and performance.

Bernier, P. M., Chua, R., Inglis, J. T., & Franks, I. M. (2007). Sensorimotor adaptation in response to proprioceptive bias. Experimental Brain Research, 177, 147-156.

Cameron, B., Franks, I. M., Enns, J. T., & Chua, R. (2007). Dual-target interference for the ‘automatic pilot’ in the dorsal stream. Experimental Brain Research, 181, 297-305.

Carlsen, A. N., Dakin, C. .J., Chua, R., & Franks, I. M. (2007). Startle produces early response latencies that are distinct from stimulus intensity effects. Experimental Brain Research, 176, 199-205.

Cressman, E. K., Franks, I. M., Enns, J. T., & Chua, R. (2007). On-line control of pointing is modified by unseen visual shapes. Consciousness and Cognitition, 16, 265-275.

Lam, M. Y., McFee, K., De Tar, S., Chua, R., & Weeks, D. J. (2006). Macroscopic aspects of gross motor control. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 77, 396-400.

Cressman, E. K., Franks, I. M., Enns, J. T., & Chua, R. (2006). No automatic pilot for visually guided aiming based on color. Experimental Brain Research, 171, 174-183.

Research Keywords: Human Movement, Motor Learning and Development/Motor Control

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Stress, Emotion, and Coping in Physical Activity
Physical Self-Perceptions and Self-Esteem Processes
Girls’ and Women’s Health through Physical Activity
Psychological Growth and Exercise in Breast Cancer Survivors

Psychological Growth, Sources of Stress in Breast Cancer Survivors Involved in Exercise (HSS)

Sabiston, C. M., McDonough, M. H., Sedgwick, W. A., Crocker, P. R. E. (2008). Muscle gains and emotional strains: Conflicting experiences of change among overweight women participating in an exercise intervention program. Qualitative Health Research.

Ramanathan, S., & Crocker, P. R. E. (2008). The influence of family and culture on physical activity among female adolescents from the Indian Diaspora. Qualitative Health Research.

McDonough, M. H., Sabiston, C. M., & Crocker, P. R. E. (2007). A qualitative examination of psychosocial changes among breast cancer survivors in their first season of dragon boating. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology.

Kyrejto, J. W., Mosewich, A. D., Kowalski, K. C., Mack, D. E., & Crocker, P. R. E. (2008). Men’s and women’s drive for muscularity: Gender differences and cognitive and behavioural correlates. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 6, 69-84.

Sabiston, C. M., & Crocker, P. R. E. (2008). Examining an integrative model of physical activity and healthy eating self-perceptions and behaviors among adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 42, 64-72.

McHugh, T. L. F., Kowalski, K. C., Mack, D. E., Crocker, P. R. E., Junkin, S. E., Lejbak, L. K., & Martin, S. (2008). Young women's experiences of social physique anxiety. Feminism & Psychology, 18, 231-252.

Sabiston, C. M., & Crocker P. R. E. (2008). Exploring self-perceptions and social influences as correlates of adolescent leisure-time physical activity. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 30, 3-22.

Hadd, V., & Crocker, P. R. E. (2007). The effect of stress-related factors on post-performance affects in competitive adolescent swimmers. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 5, 142-157.

Mack, D. E., Strong, H., Kowalski, K. C., & Crocker, P. R. E. (2007). Does friendship matter? An examination of social physique anxiety in adolescence. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 37, 1248-1264.

Mack, D. E., Strong, H. Kowalski, K. C., & Crocker. P. R. E. (2007). Self-presentational motives in eating disordered behavior: A known groups difference approach. Eating Behaviours, 8, 98-105.

McDonough, M. H., & Crocker, P. R. E. (2007). Testing self-determined motivation as a mediator of the relationship between psychological needs and affective and behavioral outcomes. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 29, 645-663.

Sabiston, C. M., McDonough, M. H., & Crocker, P. R. E. (2007). Psycho-social experiences of breast cancer survivors involved in a dragon boat program: exploring links to positive psychological growth. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 29, 419-438.

Sabiston, C. M., W. A. Sedgwick, W. A., Crocker, P. R. E., Kowalski, K. C., & Mack, D. E. (2007). Social physique anxiety in adolescence: an exploration of influences, coping strategies, and health behaviours. Journal of Adolescent Research, 22, 78-101.

Kowalski, K. C., Mack, D. E., Crocker, P. R. E., Niefer C. B., & Fleming, T. L. (2006). Coping with social physique anxiety in adolescence. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39(2), 275.e9-275.e16.

Crocker, P. R. E., Sabiston, C. M., Kowalski, N., Kowalski, K. C., & McDonough, M. H. (2006). Longitudinal assessment of the relationship between physical self-concept and health related behaviour and emotion in adolescent girls. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 18, 185-200.

Research Keywords: Adolescent Issues, Assessment, Children and Youth, Evaluation, Health and Fitness Research and Education, Human Movement, Measurement, Peer Issues, Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Psychology, Stress and Coping Processes, Research Design and Method

Human Motor Control
Motor Skill Acquisition
Analysis of Coaching Behaviour
Computer Aided Sport Analysis
Notational Analysis

Carlsen, A. N., Chua, R., Summers, J., Inglis, J. T., Sanderson, D. J., & Franks, I. M. (in press). Precues allow multiple response pre-programming: Evidence from startle psychophysiology.

Maslovat, D., Chua, R., & Franks, I. M. (in press). Feedback effects on learning a novel bimanual coordination pattern: Support for the guidance hypothesis. Journal of Motor Behavior.

Maslovat, D., Lam, M., Brunke, K., Chua, R., & Franks, I. M. (in press). Anchoring in a novel bimanual coordination pattern. Human Movement Science.

Carlsen, A. N., Chua, R., Inglis, J. T., Sanderson, D. J., Franks, I. M. (2008). Motor preparation in an anticipation-timing task. Experimental Brain Research. doi:10.1007/s00221-008-1487-5.

Maslovat, D., Carlsen, A. N., Ishimoto, R., Chua, R., & Franks, I. M. (2008). Response preparation changes following practice of an asymmetrical bimanual movement. Experimental Brain Research, 190(3), 239-249.doi:10.1007/s00221-008-1467-9

Carlsen A. N., Chua, R., Inglis J. T., Sanderson D. J., Franks, I. M. (2008). Startle reveals an absence of advance motor programming in a Go / No-go task. Neuroscience Letters, 434, 61-65.

Khan, M. A., Mourton, S., Buckolz, E., & Franks, I. M. (2008). The influence of advance information on the response complexity effect in manual aiming movements. Acta Psychologica, 127, 154-162.

Carlsen, A. N., Maslovat, D., Chua, R., & Franks, I. M. (2007). Perceptual processing time differences due to visual field asymmetries. Neuroreport, 18, 1067-1070.

Cameron, B. D., Franks, I. M., Enns, J. T., & Chua, R., (2007). Dual-target interference for the ‘automatic pilot’ in the dorsal stream. Experimental Brain Research, 181, 297-305.

Cressman, E.K., Franks, I. M., Enns, J. T., & Chua, R. (2007). On-Line control of pointing is modified by unseen visual shapes. Consciousness and Cognition, 16, 165-175.

McGarry, T., & Franks, I. M. (2007). System approach to games and competitive playing: Reply to Lebed (2006). European Journal of Sport Sciences, 7, 47-53.

Morein-Zamir, S., Chua, R., Franks, I. M., Nagelkerke, P., & Kingstone, A. F. (2007). Predictability influences stopping and response control. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 33, 149-162.

Bernier, P.M., Chua, R., Inglis, J. T., & Franks, I. M. (2007) . Sensorimotor adaptation in response to proprioceptive bias. Experimental Brain Research, 177, 147-156.

Carlsen, A. N., Chua, R., Dakin, C.J., & Franks, I. M. (2007). Startle produces early response latencies that are distinct from stimulus intensity effects. Experimental Brain Research, 176, 199-205.

Morein-Zamir, S., Chua, R., Franks, I. M., Nagelkerke, P., and Kingstone, A.F. (2006). Measuring online volitional response control with a continuous tracking task. Behavior Research Methods, 38, 638-647.

Teixeira, L., Chua, R., Nagelkerke, P., & Franks, I. M. (2006). Use of visual information in the correction of interceptive actions. Experimental Brain Research, 175, 758-763.

Teixeira, L., Nagelkerke, P., Chua, R., & Franks, I. M. (2006 ). Reprogramming of interceptive actions: time course of temporal corrections for unexpected target velocity change. Journal of Motor Behavior, 38, 467-477.

Khan, M. A., Franks, I. M., Elliott, D., Lawrence, G. P., Chua, R., Bernier, P. M., Hansen, S, & Weeks, D. J. (2006). Inferring online and offline processing of visual feedback in target-directed movements from kinematic data. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Review, 30, 1106-1121.

Morein-Zamir, S., Nagelkerke, P., Chua, R., Franks, I. M., & Kingstone, A. F. (2006). Compatibility effects in stopping and response initiation in a continuous tracking task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 59, 2148-2161.

Bernier, P. M., Chua, R., Khan. M. A., & Franks, I. M. (2006). Determinants of offline processing of visual information, Journal of Motor Behavior, 38, 331-338.

Bernier, P. M., Chua, R., Bard, C., & Franks, I. M. (2006). Updating of an internal model without proprioception: a deafferentation study. NeuroReport, 17, 1421-1425.

Cressman, E. K. Carlsen, A. N., Chua, R., & Franks, I. M. (2006). Temporal uncertainty does not affect response latencies of movements produced during startle reactions. Experimental Brain Research, 171, 278-282.

Maslovat, D., Chua, R., Lee, T. D., & Franks, I. M. (2006). Anchoring strategies for learning a bimanual coordination pattern. Journal of Motor Behavior, 38, 101-117.

Liebermann, D. G., Buchman, A. S., & Franks, I. M. (2006). Enhancement of motor rehabilitation through the use of information technologies. Clinical Biomechanics, 21, 8-20.

Khan, M. A., Lawrence, G. P., Buckolz, E., & Franks, I. M. (2006). Programming strategies for rapid aiming movements under simple and choice reaction time conditions. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 59, 524-542.

Cressman, E. K., Franks, I. M., Enns, J. T., & Chua, R. (2006). No automatic pilot for visually guided aiming based on colour. Experimental Brain Research, 171, 174-184.

Bernier, P. M., Chua, R., & Franks, I. M. (2005). Is proprioception calibrated during visually guided movements? Experimental Brain Research, 167, 292-296.

Maslovat, D., Bredin, S. S. D., Chua, R., & Franks, I. M. (2005). Evaluation of scanning methodology in bimanual coordination. Motor Control, 9, 310-329.

Hughes M., & Franks, I. M. (2005). Analysis of passing sequences, shots and goals in soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23, 509-514.

Morein-Zamir, S., Nagelkerke, P., Chua, R., Franks, I. M., & Kingstone, A. F. (2004). Stopping a prepared response versus ongoing response: Is there more than one kind of stopping? Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 11, 1034-1040.

Carlsen, A. N., Chua, R., Inglis, J. T., Sanderson, D. J., & Franks, I. M. (2004). Can prepared movements be stored subcortically? Experimental Brain Research, 159, 301-309.

Khan, M. A., Lawrence, G.P., Franks, I. M., & Buckolz, E. (2004). The utilization of visual feedback from peripheral and central vision in the control of direction. Experimental Brain Research, 158, 241-251.

Carlsen, A. N., Chua, R., Inglis, J. T., Sanderson, D. J., & Franks, I. M. (2004). Prepared movements are elicited early by startle. Journal of Motor Behavior, 36, 253-264.

Maslovat, D., Chua, R., Lee, T.D., & Franks, I. M. (2004). Contextual interference: single vs multi-task Learning. Motor Control, 8, 213-233.

Research Keywords: Exercise Science and Promotion, Human Movement, Motor Learning and Development/Motor Control

Leisure and Sport Policy for Marginalized Groups
Feminist Participatory Action Research
Community-Based Health Promotion
Inter-organizational Partnerships

Social Inclusion for Immigrant Chinese Women in Sport and Recreation (W. Frisby (PI), L. Thibault, C. Reid, funded by SSHRC 2006-2009)

A Comparative Case Study of Collaborative Approaches to Sport Participation Policy Development and Implementation (L. Thibault (PI), L. Kikulis W. Frisby, L. Hoeber, S. Vail), funded by SSHRC 2008-2011)

Frisby, W., Maguire, P., & Reid, C. (in press). The ‘f’ word has everything to do with it: Exploring synergies between feminist theories and action research. [Special issue]. Action Research

Frisby, W., Alexander, T., & Taylor, J. (in press). Play is not a frill: Poor youth facing the past, present, and future of public recreation in Canada. In M. Gleason, T. Myers, L. Paris & V. Strong-Boag (Eds.), Lost kids: Negotiating disadvantage for children and youth in Canada, Australia, and the United States from the 19th Century to the present, Vancouver, BC: UBC Press.

Reid, C., & Frisby, W. (2008). Continuing the journey: Articulating dimensions of feminist participatory action research. In P. Reason & H. Bradbury, (Eds.). Handbook of action research: Participatory inquiry & practice (2nd ed.), (pp. 93-105), London: Sage Publications.

Alexander, T., Thibault, L., & Frisby. W. (2008). Avoiding separation: Sport partner perspectives on a long term inter-organizational relationship. International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing 3(3), 263-280.

Frisby, W., Reid, C., & Ponic, P. (2007). Leveling the playing field: Promoting poor women’s health through a community development approach to recreation. In P. White & K. Young (Eds.), Sport and gender in Canada (pp. 120-136). Don Mills, ON: Oxford University Press.

Frisby, W. (2006). Understanding sport management research. In J. Parks, J. Quarterman, & L. Thibault (Eds.), Contemporary sport management (3rd ed.). (pp. 441-460). Champaign, Ill: Human Kinetics.

Shaw, S., & Frisby, W. (2006). Can gender equity be more equitable? Promoting an alternative frame for sport management research, education and practice. Journal of Sport Management, 20(4), 483-509.

Frisby, W. (2006). Rethinking researcher roles, responsibilities, and relationships in community development research. [Special Issue]. Leisure/Loisir, 30(2), 437-445.

Frisby, W., Alexander, T., Taylor, J., Tirone, S., Watson, C., Harvey, J., & Laplante, D. (2005). Bridging the recreation divide: Listening to youth and parents from low income families across Canada. Ottawa: Canadian Parks and Recreation Association.

Frisby, W., Reid, C., Millar, S., & Hoeber, L. (2005). Putting ‘participatory’ into participatory forms of action research: Critical and innovative approaches to research, [Special Issue]. Journal of Sport Management, 19(4), 367-386.

Frisby, W. (2005). The good, the bad and the ugly: Critical sport management research. Journal of Sport Management, 19(1), 1-12.

Frisby, W., Thibault, L., & Kikulis, L. (2004). The organizational dynamics of under-managed partnerships in leisure service departments. Leisure Studies, 23(2), 109-126.

Thibault, L., Kikulis, L., & Frisby, W. (2004). Partnerships between local government sport and leisure departments and the commercial sector: Changes, complexities, and consequences. In T. Slack (Ed.), The commercialisation of sport, (pp. 119-140). London, UK: Frank Cass Publishers.

Frisby, W. (2003). Understanding sport management research. In J. Parks, B. Zanger, & J. Quarterman (Eds.), Contemporary sport management, (2nd ed.). (pp. 407-420). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

Frisby, W., & Millar, S. (2002). The actualities of doing community development to promote the inclusion of low income populations in local sport and recreation. European Sport Management Quarterly, 3, 209-233.

Reid, C., Frisby, W., & Ponic, P. (2002). C onfronting two-tiered community recreation and poor women's exclusion: Promoting inclusion, health, and social justice. [Special Issue on Women and Sport]. Canadian Women's Studies, 21(3), 88-94.

Frisby, W., & Hoeber, L. (2002). Factors affecting the uptake of community recreation as health promotion for women on low incomes. Canadian Journal of Public Health,(March-April), 129-133.

Research Keywords: Action Research, Community Research, Democracy & Citizenship, Feminist Studies, Gender, Health and Fitness Research and Education, Multiculturalism, Organization Studies, Policy Studies, Research Design and Method, Sociological Issues

Hodges, N. .J., & Baker, J. (in press). Expertise: The goal of performance development. In D. Collins, A. Abbott & H. Richards (Eds.), Performance Psychology for Physical Challenge.

Breslin, G., Hodges, N. J., Williams, A. M., Curran, W., & Kremer, J. (in press). Manipulating the timing of relative motion information to facilitate observational learning. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport.

Eaves, D., Hodges, N. J., & Williams, A. M. (in press). The stability and metabolic economy of treadmill running under various visually coupled displays. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise.

Huys, R., Smeeton, N. J., Williams, A. M., Beek, P., & Hodges, N. J. (in press). On the dynamical information underlying visual anticipation skill in perceiving tennis shots. Perception & Psychophysics.

Hodges, N. J., & Franks, I. M. (2008). The provision of information. In M.Hughes & I. M. Franks (Eds.), Essentials of Performance Analysis (pp. 21-39). London, UK and NY: Routledge (Taylor and Francis group)

Grierson, L., Welsh, T., Hanson, S., Hodges, N. J., Hayes, S. J., Lyons, J., & Elliott, D. (2008). The response activation model and cross-modal facilitation and inhibition of return: A trajectory analysis. The Open Psychology Journal,1, 35-41.

Hodges, N. J., Huys, R., & Starkes, J. L. (2007). A methodological review and evaluation of research of expert performance in sport. In G Tenenbaum and R Eklund (Eds.) Handbook of Sport Psychology (3rd. ed.) (pp. 161-183) NY: Wiley.

Ford, P., Hodges, N. J., & Williams, A. M. (2007). Examining the role of action-effects in the execution of a skilled soccer kick through erroneous feedback. Journal of Motor Behavior, 39, 481-490.

Hayes, S. J., Hodges, N. J., Scott, M. A., Horn, R., & Williams, A. M. (2007). The efficacy of demonstrations in teaching children an unfamiliar movement skill: the effects of object orientated actions and point-light demonstrations. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25, 559 – 575.

Hayes, S. J., Hodges, N. J., Huys, R., & Williams, A. M. (2007) . End-point focus manipulations to determine what information is used during observational learning. Acta Psychologica, 126, 120-137.

Hodges, N. J., Williams, A. M., Hayes, S. J., & Breslin, G. (2007). What is modelled during observational learning?. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25, 531–545.

Hodges, N. J., & Ford, P. (2007). Skillful attending, looking and thinking. Bewung Und Training,1, 23-24 (Invited commentary; E-journal on movement and exercise science of the German Society of Sport Science).

Horn, R. R., Williams, A. M., Scott, M. A., Hayes, S. J., & Hodges, N. J. (2007). Demonstration as a rate enhancer to changes in coordination during early skill acquisition. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25, 599 – 614.

Ward, P., Hodges, N. J., Williams, A. M., & Starkes, J. L. (2007). The road to excellence in soccer: A developmental look at deliberate practice. High Ability Studies, 18, 119–153

Hodges, N. J., Starkes, J. L., & MacMahon, C. (2006). Expert performance in sport. In N. Charness, K. A. Ericsson, R. R. Hoffman & P. Feltovich (Eds.) Cambridge Handbook of Expertise. (pp. 471-488) New York: Cambridge University Press.

Hodges, N. J., Hayes, S. J., Eaves, D., Horn, R., & Williams, A. M. (2006). End-point trajectory matching as a method for teaching kicking skills. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 37, 230-247.

Williams, A.M., Hodges, N. J., North, J., & G. Barton. (2006). Identifying patterns of play in dynamic sport tasks: The minimal essential information underlying skilled performance. Perception, 35, 317-332.

Breslin, G., Hodges, N. J., Williams, A. M., WCurran, W., & Kremer, J. (2006). A comparison of intra-and inter-limb relative motion information is modeling a novel motor skill. Human Movement Science, 25, 753-766.

Ford, P., Hodges, N. J., Huys, R., & Williams, A. M. (2006). The role of external action-effects in the execution of a soccer kick: A comparison across skill-level. Motor Control, 10, 386-404.

Hayes, S., Hodges, N. J., Horn, R., Scott, M. A., & Williams, A. M. (2006). Scaling a motor skill through observation & practice. Journal of Motor Behavior, 38, 357-366.

Hodges, N. J., Hayes, S. J., Breslin, G., & Williams, A. M. (2005). An evaluation of the minimal constraining information during movement observation and reproduction. Acta Psychologica, 119, 264-282.

Hodges, N. J., Hayes, S. J., Horn, R., & Williams, A. M. (2005). Changes in coordination, control and outcome as a result of extended practice with the non-dominant foot on a soccer skill. Ergonomics, 48, 1672-1685.

Breslin, G., Hodges, N. J., Williams, A. M., Curran, W., & Kremer, J. (2005). Modelling relative motion to facilitate intra-limb coordination. Human Movement Science, 24, 446-463.

Williams, A.M., & Hodges, N. J. (2005 ). Practice, instruction and skill acquisition in soccer: Challenging tradition. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23, 637-650.

Ford, P., Hodges, N. J., & Williams, A. M. (2005). On-line attentional-focus manipulations in a soccer dribbling task: Implications for the proceduralization of motor skills. Journal of Motor Behavior, 37, 386-394.

Smeeton, N. J., Williams, A. M., Hodges, N. J., & Ward, P. (2005). The relative effectiveness of various insructional approaches in developing anticipation skill in a 'real-world' task. Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied,11, 98-110.

Horn, R., Williams, A. M., Scott, M. A., & Hodges, N. J. (2005). Visual search and coordination changes in response to video and point-light demonstrations in the absence of intrinsic knowledge of results. Journal of Motor Behavior, 37, 265-274.

Ward, P, Hodges, N. J., Williams, A. M., & Starkes, J. L. (2004). Deliberate practice and expert performance: Defining the path to excellence. In A. M. Williams, & N. J. Hodges (Eds.), Skill Acquisition in Sport: Research, Theory and Practice (pp. 231-258). London, UK: Routledge.

Hodges, N. J., & Franks, I. M. (2004). Instructions, demonstrations and the learning process: creating and constraining movement options.In A. M. Williams, & N. J. Hodges (Eds.), Skill Acquisition in Sport: Research, Theory and Practice (pp. 145-174). London, UK: Routledge.

Williams, A. M., & Hodges, N. J., (Eds.). (2004). Skill Acquisition in Sport: Research, Theory and Practice. London. UK: Routledge (Taylor & Francis Group).

Hodges, N. J., Kerr, T., Starkes, J. L., Weir, P., & Nananidou, A. (2004). Predicting performance from deliberate practice hours for thiathletes and swimmers: What, when and where is practice important?. Journal of Experimental Psychology-Applied, 10, 219-237.

Research Keywords: Human Movement, Physical Education, Motor Learning and Development

Body Image and Identity: The Experience of Multiple Chronic Conditions in Later Life (SSHRC Standard Research Grant 2008-2010). Using in-depth interviews, I will be examining the body images of men and women aged 75+ who have multiple chronic conditions.

Examining Older Women’s Conceptions of Physical Health Using Photovoice (Funded by British Columbia Network on Aging and the Women’s Health Research Network; Co-Principal Investigator is Joanie Sims-Gould). We are using to photovoice to explore women’s lived experiences of health in later life.

Hurd Clarke, L., & Griffin, M. (2008). Body Image and Aging: Older Women and the Embodiment of Trauma . Women’s Studies International Forum.

Hurd Clarke, L., Griffin, M., & the PACC Research Team. (2008). Failing Bodies: Body Image and Multiple Chronic Conditions in Later Life. Qualitative Health Research, 18.

Hurd Clarke, L., & Griffin, M. (2008). Visible and Invisible Ageing: Beauty Work as a Response to Ageism. Ageing and Society, 28(5), 653-674.

Hurd Clarke, L., & Griffin, M. (2007). The Body Natural and the Body Unnatural: Beauty Work and Aging. Journal of Aging Studies, 21(3), 187-201.

Hurd Clarke, L., & Griffin, M. (2007). Becoming and Being Gendered Through the Body: Older Women, Mothers and Body Image. Ageing and Society, 27(5), 701-718.

Hurd Clarke, L., Repta, R., & Griffin, M. (2007). Non-surgical Cosmetic Procedures: Older Women’s Perceptions and Experiences. Journal of Women and Aging, 19(3/4), 69-87.

Neurophysiology
Biomechanics
Stance and Balance Control
Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation
Vestibular System

Carlsen, A. N., Chua, R., Inglis, J. T., Sanderson, D. J., & Franks, I. M. (2008). Startle reveals an absence of advance motor programming in a Go / No-go task. Neuroscience Letters, 434, 61-65.

Siegmund, G. P., Blouin, J-B., & Inglis, J. T. (2008). Does startle explain the exaggerated first response to a transient perturbation. Exercise & Sport Sciences Reviews, 36(2), 76-82.

Blouin, J-B., Siegmund, G. P., Carpenter, M. G., & Inglis, J. T. (2007). Neural control of neck muscles. J . Neurophysiology, 98, 920-928.

Dakin, C. J., Son, G. M. L., Inglis, J. T., & Blouin, J-B., (2007). Frequency response of human vestibular reflexes characterized by stochastic stimuli. J. Physiology. 583(3), 1117-1127.

McFadyen, B. J., Bouyer, L., Bent, L. R., & Inglis, J. T. (2007). Visual-Vestibular influences on locomotor adjustments for stepping over an obstacle. Exp. Brain Res, 179, 235-243.

Blouin, J-B., Siegmund, G. P., & Inglis, J. T. (2007). Contribution of the acoustic startle response to the neck postural responses elicited by whole-body forward perturbations. J. Applied Physiol., 102, 1574-1586.

Brenier, P-M., Chua, R., Inglis, J. T., & Franks, I. M. (2007). Sensorimotor adaptation in response to proprioceptive bias. Exp. Brain Res. 177, 147-156.

Vanicek, N., Sandrson, D. J., Chua, R., Kenyon, D., & Inglis, J. T. (2007). Kinematic adaptations to a novel walking task with a prosthetic simulator. J. Prosthetics & Orthotics, 19, 29-35.

Siegmund, G. P., Blouin, J-B., Brault, J. R., Hedenstierna, S., & Inglis, J. T. (2007). Electromyography of superficial and deep neck muscles during isometric, voluntary and reflex contractions. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 129, 66-77.

Heiden, T. L., Sandrson, D. J., Inglis, J. T., & Siegmund, G. P. (2007). Adaptations to normal human gait on potentially slippery surfaces: the effects of awareness and prior slip experience. Gait and Posture, 24, 237-246.

Lusina, S-J. C., Kennedy, P. M., Inglis, J. T., McKenzie, D. C., Ayas, N. T., &Sheel, A. W. (2006). Long term intermittent hypoxia increases sympathetic activity and chemosensitivity during acute hypoxia in humans. J. Physiology, 575(3), 961-970.

Siegmund, G. P., Heiden, T. L., Sanderson, D. J., Inglis, J. T., & Brault, J. (2006). The effect of subject awareness and prior experience on tribometer-based predictions of slip probability. Gait and Posture, 24, 110-119.

Blouin, J-B., Inglis, J. T., & Siegmund, G. P. (2006). Bilaterally synchronous electromyographic activity indicative of a startle response elicited by a whiplash-like perturbation: a possible link to injury? J. Physiology, 573(3) 857-867.

Blouin, J-B., Inglis, J. T., & Siegmund, G. P. (2006). Auditory startle alters the response of human subjects exposed to a single whiplash-like perturbation. Spine, 31(2), 146-134.

Bent, L. R. , McFadyen, B. J., & Inglis, J. T. (2005). Vestibular contributions during dynamic locomotor tasks. Exercise & Sport Sciences Reviews, 33(3), 107-113.

Sheel, A. W., Krassioukov, A. V., Inglis, J. T., & Elliot, S. L. (2005). Autonomic Dysreflexia during sperm retrieval in spinal cord injury–influence of lesion level and sildenafil citrate. J. Applied Physiology, 99, 53-58.

Wells, C., Ward, L. R., Chua, R., & Inglis, J. T. (2005). Noise increases vibrotactile sensitivity in old and young adults. Psychological Sciences. 16(4), 313-320.

Marigold, D. S., Eng, J. J., Dawson, A. S., Inglis, J. T., Harris, J. E., & Gylfadottir, S. (2005). Exercise leads to faster postural reflexes, improved balance and mobility, and reduced falls in older persons with chronic stroke. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 53, 416-423.

Marigold, D. S., Eng, J. J., & Inglis, J. T. (2004). Impaired load dependent modulation of postural reflexes contributes to falls in stroke. Clinical Neurophysiol., 115, 2789-2797.

Hunt, M. A., Sanderson, D. J., Moffet, H., & Inglis, J. T. (2004). Relative contributions from ACL-injured and non-injured limbs to total power output during stationary cycling. Arch Physical Med. Rehab., 85, 1475-1478.

Siegmund, G. P., Sanderson, D. J., & Inglis, J. T. (2004). Gradation of neck muscle responses and head/neck kinematics to acceleration and speed change in rear-end collisions. Stapp Car Crash Journal. 48, 419-430.

Carlsen, A. N., Chua, R., Inglis, J. T., Sanderson, D. J., & Franks, I. M. (2004). Can prepared movements be stored subcortically? Exp Brain Res, 159, 301-309.

Kennedy, P. M., Cresswell, A., Chua, R., & Inglis, J. T. (2004). Vestibulospinal influences on lower limb motorneurons. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 82, 675-681.

Bent, L. R. , Inglis, J. T., &McFadyen, B. J. (2004). When is vestibular information important during walking? J. Neurophysiology, 92, 1269-1275.

Kennedy, P. M., Cresswell, A., Chua, R., & Inglis, J. T. (2004). Galvanic vestibular stimulation alters the onset of gastrocnemius motor units. Muscle and Nerve, 30, 188-194.

Bent, L. R. , McFadyen, B. J., & Inglis, J. T. (2004). Is vestibular information phase dependent during the initiation of gait? Exp. Brain Res, 157, 407-416.

Carlsen, A. N., Chua, R., Inglis, J. T., Sanderson, D. J., & Franks, I. M. (2004). Prepared movements are elicited early by startle. J. Motor Behaviour, 36(3), 253-264.

Sran, M. M., & Khan, K. M. (2005). Physiotherapy and osteoporosis: Practice behaviors and clinicians’ perceptions – A survey. Manual Therapy, 10(1), 21-27.

Donaldson, M. G., Khan, K. M., Davis, J. C., Salter, A. E., Bell, M., Buchanan, J., McKnight, D., Janssen, P. A., & McKay, H. A. (2005). Emergency department fall-related presentations do not trigger fall risk assessment: A gap in care of high-risk outpatient fallers. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Nov-Dec, 41(3), 311-7.

Scott, A., Khan, K. M., Heer, J., Cook, J. L., Lian, O., Duronio, V. (2005). High strain mechanical loading rapidly induces tendon apoptosis: An ex-vivo rat tibialis anterior model. British Journal of Sports Medicine 39(5), e25.

Burne, S. G., Mahoney, C., Forster, B. B., Koehle, M. S., Taunton, J. E., Khan, K. M. (2005). Tarsal navicular stress injury: Long-term outcome and clinicoradiological correlation using both CT and MR imaging. American Journal of Sports Medicine, Dec, 33(12), 1875-81 Epub 2005 Sep 12.

Scott, A., Khan, K. M., Duronio, V. (2005). IGF-I activates PKB and prevents anoxic apoptosis in Achilles tendon cells. J. Ortho. Res., Sep, 23(5), 1219-25. Epub April 20, 2005

Research Keywords: Aging, Exercise Science and Promotion, Human Movement, Physiology, Research Design and Method

Respiratory Control and Thermoregulation in Older Adults (BC Network for Aging Research)

Genetic and physiological contributions to Acute Mountain Sickness (Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine, with Dr. Jim Rupert)

Effect of a shielded garment on post-exercise recovery (Farabloc Grant-In-Aid)

Iverson, G., Kaarto, M. L., Koehle, M. S. (in press). Normative data for the balance error scoring system: Implications for brain injury evaluations. Brain Inj.

Koehle, M. S., Sheel, A. W., Milsom, W. K. & McKenzie, D. C. (2007). Intermittent Hypoxia and the chemoreflex control of breathing in humans. J Applied Physiol (E-Pub Online).

Wang, P., Koehle, M. S. & Rupert, J. L. (2007). Common haplotypes in the beta-2 adrenergic receptor gene are not associated with acute mountain sickness (AMS) susceptibility in Nepalese. High Alt Med and Biol Fall, 8(3), 206-212

Koehle, M. S., Sheel, A. W., Milsom, W. K. & McKenzie, D. C. (2006). The effect of two different intermittent Hypoxia protocols on ventilatory responses to Hypoxia and carbon dioxide at rest. Adv Exp Med Biol, 605, 218-223.

Koehle, M. S., Wang, P., Guenette, J. A. & Rupert, J. L. (2006). No association between polymorphisms in the ACE and angiotensin II receptor 1 gene and acute mountain sickness in Nepalese pilgrims to the Janai Purnima Festival at 4380 metres. High Alt Med Biol, 7(4), 281-289.

Koehle, M. S., (2006). Patellofemoral pain syndrome in Tibetan Buddhist monks. Wilderness Env Med, 17(2), 129-131.

Rupert, J. L. & Koehle, M. S. (2006). The evidence for a genetic basis for altitude-related illness. High Alt Med Biol, 7(2), 150-167.

Koehle, M. S. (2006). Physical activity in the cold and at altitude. In P. Brukner & K. Khan (Eds.), Clinical Sports Medicine 3rd Edition (pp. 900-911). Sydney: McGraw Hill.

Research Keywords: Aging, Exercise Science and Promotion, Health and Fitness Research and Education, Physiology

Neural Control of Mammalian Locomotion
Adaptability of Human Walking
Gait Rehabilitation Following Neurological Injury

My research interests are in the neural control and adaptability of human walking. In particular, understanding the role of sensory information on the control of walking has implications for the development and advance of rehabilitative strategies for gait retraining in individuals with neurological gait disorders. One of the goals of this research is to study the strategies used by humans to adapt their walking pattern to phasic and sustained disturbances during gait, thus providing insight into how sensory input mediates changes in the walking pattern under different conditions. A second objective of this research is to utilize our knowledge of sensory information processing during walking to develop and improve gait rehabilitation strategies for individuals with gait disorders, such as those due to spinal cord injury or stroke. An important aspect of this research is exploring the use of robotic technology for studying the control of human walking and for the development of advanced gait rehabilitation strategies.

Liechti, M., Müller, R., Lam, T., Curt, A. (in press). Vestibulospinal responses in motor incomplete spinal cord injury. Clinical Neurophysiology.

Lam, T., Wirz, M., Luenenburger, L., Dietz, V. (in press). Walking against resistance enhances flexor muscle activity during the swing phase in incomplete spinal cord injury. Neurorehab Neural Repair.

Noah, A. J., Boliek, C. A., Lam, T., Yang, J. F. (2008). Change in breathing rate at the start of stepping in human infants. Journal of Neurophysiology, 99, 1224-1234.

Lam, T., Noonan, V., Eng, J. J. (2008). A systematic review of functional ambulation outcome measures in spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 46, 246-254.

Lam, T., Eng, J. J., Wolfe, D. L., Hsieh, J, T., Whittaker, M., and the SCIRE Research Team. (2007). A systematic review of the efficacy of gait rehabilitation strategies for spinal cord injury. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation 13, 32-57.

Lam, T., Anderschitz, M., Dietz, V. (2006). Contribution of feedback and feedforward strategies to locomotor adaptations. Journal of Neurophysiology. 95, 766-773.

Yang, J. F., Lam, T., Pang, M. Y. C., Lamont, E., Musselman, K., Seinen, E. (2004). Infant stepping: a window to the behaviour of the human pattern generator for walking. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 82, 662-674.

Sporer, B. C., Foster, G. E., Sheel, A. W., & McKenzie, D. C. (2007). Entrainment of breathing in cyclists and non-cyclists during arm and leg exercise. Respir Physiol Neurobiol., 155(1), 64-70.

Campbell, K.L., Lane, K., Martin, A. D., Gelmon, K. & McKenzie, D. C. (2007). Resting energy expenditure and body mass changes in women during adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Cancer Nursing, 30(2), 95-100.

Hodges, A. N. H., Sheel, A. W., Mayo, J. R., & McKenzie, D. C. (2007). Human lung density is not altered following normoxic and hypoxic moderate-intensity exercise: implications for transient edema. J. Appl. Physiol., 103(1), 111-118.

Scott, J. M., Esch, B. T., Haykowsky, M. J., Isserow, S., Koehle, M.S., Huges, B. G., Zbogar, D., Bredin, S. S., McKenzie, D. C. & Warburton, D. E. (2007). Sex differences in left ventricular function and beta-receptor responsiveness following prolonged strenuous exercise. J. Appl. Physiol., 102(2), 681-687.

MacNutt, M. J., Guenette, J. A., Witt, J. D., Yuan, R., Mayo, J. R. & McKenzie, D. C. (2007). Intense hypoxic cycle exercise does not alter lung density in competitive male cyclists. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 99(6), 623-631.

Esch, B. T., Scott, J. M., Haykowsky, M. J., McKenzie, D. C. & Warburton, D. E. (2007). Diastolic ventricular interactions in endurance-trained athletes during orthostatic stress. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 293(1), H409-415.

Guenette, J. A., Witt, J. D., McKenzie, D. C., Road, J. D. & Sheel, A. W. (2007). Respiratory mechanics during exercise in endurance-trained men and women. J. Physiol., 581(Pt3), 1309-1322.

Sporer, B. C. & McKenzie, D. C. (2007). Reproducibility of a laboratory based 20-km time trial evaluation in competitive cyclists using the Velotron Pro ergometer. Int. J. Sports Med.

Guenette, J. A., Sporer, B. C., MacNutt, M. J., Coxson, H. O., Sheel, A. W., Mayo, J. R. & McKenzie, D. C. (2007). Lung density is not altered following intense normobaric hypoxic interval training in competitive female cyclists. J. Appl. Physiol., 103(3), 875-882.

Lane, K. N., Dolan, L. B., Worsley, D. & McKenzie, D. C. (2007). Upper extremity lymphatic function at rest and during exercise in breast cancer survivors with and without lymphedema compared with healthy controls. J. Appl. Physiol., 103(3), 917-925.

Courneya, K. S., Segal, R. J., Mackey, J. R. Gelmon, K., Reid, R. D., Friedenreich, C. M., Ladha, A. B., Proulx, C., Vallance, J. K., Lane, K., Yasui, Y. & McKenzie, D. C. (2007). Effects of aerobic and resistance exercise in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. J. Clin. Oncol., 25(28), 4396-4404.

Dr. Mosher's primary focus within the School of Human Kinetics is the coordination of the Coaching Science unit within our graduate program. In this program, 7-8 graduate students per year concern themselves with the application of the natural and social sciences to coaching. Philosophical, developmental and training issues are researched with populations varying from young, school-aged children to Olympic-level athletes.

Health and Human Kinetics
Exercise and the Elderly
Exercise Physiology
Sports Medicine

Applied Exercise Physiology. Emphasis is on the area of the bioenergetics of physical activity. Areas investigated include the following: Bioenergetics of prolonged exercise, exercise and the elderly, fuel utilization in exercise, and fractional utilization of Vo2 during exercise.

Babul, S., Rhodes, E. C., & Taunton, J. E. (in press). The effects of intermittent exposure to hyperbaric oxygen for the treatment of an acute soft tissue injury. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine.

Laursen, P., Rhodes, E. C., Langill, R. H., McKenzie, D. C., & Taunton, J. E. (in press). The effect of the cycle phase on run performance in an ultraendurance triathlon. Advances in Exercise and Sports Physiology.

Rhodes, E. C., & Smith, G. J. (2002). The effects of pre-exercise glucose ingestion on performance during prolonged swimming. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 12, 136-144.

Chu, K. S., Rhodes, E. C., et al. (2002). Maximal physiological responses to deep water running and treadmill running in young and older women. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 10, 306-313.

Rhodes, E. C., & Bodner, M. E. (2002). The relationship of the heart rate deflection point to the ventilatory threshold in trained cyclists. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 16(4) 573-580.

Frangolias, D., & Rhodes, E. C. (2001). Metabolic responses to prolonged work during treadmill and water immersion running. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 3(4), 476-492.

Laursen, P., & Rhodes, E. C. (2001). Factors affecting performance in an ultraendurance triathlon. Sports Medicine, 31(3), 195-209.

Laursen, P., & Rhodes, E. C. (2001). Exercise induced hypoxemia - proposed mechanisms. Biology of Sport, 18(2), 87-105.

Chu, K. S., & Rhodes, E. C. (2001). Physiological and cardiovascular changes associated with deep water running. Sports Medicine, 31(1), 33-46.

Bodner, M., & Rhodes, E. C. (2000). An analysis of the heart rate threshold. Sports Medicine, 1, 31-46.

Genetics and Genomics of Altitude Adaptation
Genetic Approaches to "Doping" Control

Current Research Projects:

The Genetics of Acute Mountain Sickness Susceptibly
The Genetics of Risk Taking Behaviour in Extreme Athletes
Development of a Prototype Blood-based Test for Exogenous Erythropoietin Activity Based on Transcriptional Profiling (World Anti-Doping Agency)
Identification and Characterization of Transcriptional Markers Diagnostic of Autologous Blood Doping (World Anti-Doping Agency)
Development of a Highly-Sensitive Quantitative Assay to Detect siRNA-Mediated Gene Doping

Recently Published Work:

Wang P, Ha A, Kidd KK, Koehle MS, Rupert JL A variant of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene (NOS3) associated with AMS susceptibility is less common in the Quechua, a high-altitude native population. High Alt Med Biol. In press.

Brown CJ, Rupert JL. 2009. Epigenetics and the role of epigenetic changes in hypoxia-induced gene expression. in Hypoxia and Exercise: Proceedings of the 16th International Hypoxia Symposium ed. Editors: RC Roach, PD Wagner, PH Hackett. Springer Academic Publishers, New York. In press.

Schneider AJ, Rupert JL. 2009. Constructing winners: the science and ethics of genetically manipulating athletes. J Philos Sport 36, 182-206.

Rupert JL. 2009. Transcriptional profiling: a potential anti-doping strategy. Scand J Med Sci Sports. [Jun 23. Epub ahead of print]

Wang P, Koehle MS, Rupert JL. 2009 Genotype at the Missense G894T Polymorphism (Glu298Asp) in the NOS3 Gene is Associated with the Susceptibility to Acute Mountain Sickness. High Alt Med Biol. Fall;10(3):261-7.

Querido JS, Rupert JL, McKenzie DC, Sheel AW. 2009. Effects of intermittent hypoxia on cardiorespiratory and cerebrovascular regulation during acute hypoxia and submaximal exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 105(3) 403-9.

Wang P, Fedoruk MN, Rupert JL . 2008. Keeping pace with ACE: are angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers potential doping agents? Sports Med 38(12):1065-79

Sporer BC, Sheel AW, Taunton J, Rupert JL McKenzie DC. 2008. Inhaled salbutamol and doping control: Effects of dose on urine concentrations. Clin J Sport Med. 18(3):282-5.

Rupert JL. 2008 Genomics and environmental hypoxia: what (and how) we can learn from the transcriptome. High Alt. Med. Biol. 9(2):115-22. (invited review article)

Fedoruk MN Rupert JL. 2008. Myostatin inhibition: a potential performance enhancement strategy? Scand J. Sports Med Sci. 18(2):123-131

Witt JD, Guenette JA, Rupert JL, McKenzie DC, Sheel AW. 2007. Inspiratory muscle training attenuates the human respiratory muscle metaboreflex. J. Physiol 584(3) 1019-1028

Wang P, Koehle MS, Rupert JL. 2007. Common haplotypes in the beta-2 adrenergic receptor gene are not associated with acute mountain sickness susceptibility in Nepalese. High Alt. Med. Biol. 8(3) 206-212.

Koehle MS, Wang P, Guenette JA, Rupert JL. 2006. No association between variants in the ACE and angiotensin II receptor 1 genes and acute mountain sickness in Nepalese pilgrims to the Janai Purnima Festival at 4380 m. High Alt. Med. Biol. 7(4):281 - 289.

upert JL and Koehle MS. 2006. Evidence for a genetic basis for altitude-related illness. High Alt. Med. Biol. 7(2) 150-167.

Research Keywords : Doping, Altitude, Hypoxia, Exercise physiology

Health and Human Kinetics
Biomechanics
Locomotion
Invivo Skeletal Muscle Function

Carlsen, A. N., Chua, R., Summers, J. J., Inglis, J. T., Sanderson, D. J., & Franks, I. M. (in press). Precues enable multiple response pre-programming: Evidence from startle. Psychophysiology.

Carlsen, A. N., Chua, R., Inglis, J. T., Sanderson, D. J., & Franks, I. M. (2008). Startle reveals an absence of advance motor programming in a Go / No-go task. Neuroscience Letters.

Flower, F. C., de Passillé, A. M., Weary, D. M., Sanderson, D. J., & Rushen, J. (2007). Softer, higher friction flooring improves the gait of cows with and without sole ulcers. Journal of Dairy Science, 90, 1235-1242.

Vanicak, N., Sanderson, D. J., Chua, R.M., Kenyon, D. E., & Inglis, J. T. (2007). Kinematic adaptations to a novel walking task with a prosthetic simulator. Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics, 19(1), 29-35.

Sanderson, D. J., Martin, P. E., Honeyman, G., & Keefer, J. (2006). Gastrocnemius and soleus muscle length, velocity, and EMG resonses to changes in pedaling cadence. Journal of Kinesiology and Electromyography, 16, 642-649.

Flower, F. C., Sanderson, D. J., & Weary, D. M. (2006). Effects of milking on dairy cow of dairy cow gait. Journal of Dairy Science, 89(6), 2084-2089.

Heiden, T. L., Sanderson, D. J., Inglis, J. T., & Siegmund, G. P. (2005). Adaptations to normal human gait on potentially slippery surfaces: the effect of awareness and prior slip experience. Gait and Posture.

Siegmund, G. P., Heiden, T. L., Sanderson, D. J., Inglis, J. T., & Brault, J. (2005). The effect of subject awareness and prior experience on tribometer-based predictions of slip probability. Gait and Posture.

Flower, F. C., Sanderson, D. J., & Weary, D. M. (2005). Hoof pathologies influence kinematic measures of dairy cow gait. Journal of Dairy Science, 88, 3166-3173.

McKay, H., Tsang, G., Heinonen, A., MacKelvie, K., Sanderson, D. J., & Khan, K. M. (2005). Ground reaction forces associated with an effective elementary school based jumping intervention. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39, 10-14.

Siegmund G. P., Sanderson D. J., & Inglis J. T. (2004). Gradation of neck muscle responses and head/neck kinematics to acceleration and speed change in rear-end collisions. Stapp Car Crash Journal, 48, 419-430.

Hunt, M. A., Sanderson, D. J., Moffet, H., & Inglis, J. T. (2004). Interlimb asymmetry in persons with and without an anterior cruciate ligament deficiency during stationary cycling. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 85, 1-5.

Ceballos, A., Sanderson, D. J., Rushen, J., & Weary, D. (2004). Improving stall design: Use of 3-D kinematics to measure space use by dairy cows when lying down. Journal of Dairy Science, 87(7).

Siegmund, G. P., Sanderson, D. J., Myers, B. S., & Inglis, J. T. (2003). Rapid neck muscle adaptation alters the head kinematics of aware and unaware subjects undergoing multiple whiplash-like perturbations. Journal of Biomechanics, 36, 473-482.

Carlsen, A. N., Chua, R., Inglis, J. T., Sanderson, D. J., & Franks, I. M. (2003). Startle response is dishabituated during a reaction time task. Experimental Brain Research, 152, 510-518. doi: 10.1007/s0022100315755.

Carlsen, A. N., Chua, R., Inglis, J. T., Sanderson, D. J., & Franks, I. M. (2003). Prepared movements are elicited early by startle. Journal of Motor Behaviour.

Hunt, M .A., Sanderson, D. J., Moffet, H., & Inglis, J. R. (2003). Biomechanical changes elicited by an anterior cruciate ligament deficiency during steady rate cycling. Clinical Biomechanics, 18, 393-400.

Carlsen, A. N., Hunt, M. A., Inglis, J. T., Sanderson, D. J., & Chua, R. (2003). Altered triggering of a prepared movement by a startling stimulus. Journal of Neurophysiology, 89, 1857-1863. doi: 10.1152/jn008522002.

Tokuno, C. D., Sanderson, D. J., Inglis, J. T., & Chua, R. (2003). Postural and movement adaptations by individuals with a unilateral below-knee amputation during gait initiation. Gait and Posture, 18(3), 158-169.

Siegmund, G. P., Sanderson, D. J., & Inglis, J. T. (2003). Awareness affects the response of human subjects exposed to a single whiplash-like perturbation. Spine, 28(7), 671-679.

Sanderson, D. J., & Black, A. H. (2003). The effect of prolonged cycling on pedal forces. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21, 191-199.

Siegmund, G. P., Sanderson, D. J., & Inglis, J. T. (2002) The effect of perturbation acceleration and advance warning on the neck postural responses of seated subjects. Experimental Brain Research, 144, 314-321.

Siegmund, G. P., Inglis, J. T., & Sanderson, D. J. (2001). Startle response of human neck muscles sculpted by readiness to perform ballistic head movements. Journal of Physiology.

Marsh, A. P., Martin, P. E., & Sanderson, D. J. (2000). Is a joint moment-based cost function associated with preferred cycling cadence? Journal of Biomechanics, 33( 2), 173-180.

Respiratory and Neurovascular Adaptation to Physiological Stress (NSERC). The heart, circulation, lungs and chest wall all act together in a highly coordinated fashion. Studying each system in isolation can provide valuable information, but examining how these systems act together provides a more comprehensive understanding of human physiology. The objective of these studies is to understand how the human respiratory system and cardiovascular system interact and adapt to physiological stress such as exercise, hypoxia (low oxygen) and disease.

Effects of Two Exercise Training Programmes on Central and Peripheral Limitations to Exercise in Spinal Cord Injured Individuals (BC Neurotrauma Fund). There is strong evidence in support for the use of exercise training for improving cardiovascular health among people with spinal cord injury (SCI). This is important because there is a high incidence of physical inactivity in individuals with SCI and as such they are at increased risk of secondary conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoporosis and obesity. Various combinations of exercise training intensity, duration and frequency are often prescribed to people with SCI in order to improve their health-related fitness. However, no consensus about optimal rehabilitation exercise training programmes has been reached.

Richards, J. C., McKenzie, D. C., Warburton, D. E. R., Road, J. D., & Sheel, A. W. (in press). Prevalence of exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia in healthy women. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise.

Sheel, A. W., Richards, J. C., Foster, G. E., & Guenette, J. A. (in press). Gender differences in respiratory exercise physiology. Sports Medicine.

Warburton, D. E. R., Sheel, A. W., Hodges, A. N., Stewart, I. B., Yoshida, E. M., Levy, R. D., & McKenzie, D.C. (2004). Effects of upper extremity exercise training on peak aerobic and anaerobic fitness in patients after transplantation. The American Journal of Cardiology, 93(7), 939-943.

Stewart, I. B., Sheel, A. W., Frangiolas, D. D., Wilcox, P. G., & McKenzie, D.C. (2001). The effect of nitric oxide inhalation on pulmonary gas exchange during exercise in patients with cystic fibrosis. Clinical Exercise Physiology, 3(1), 44-48.

Sheel, A. W., Edwards, M. R., Hunte, G. S., & McKenzie, E. C. (2001). Influence of inhaled nitric oxide on gas exchange during hypoxic and normoxic heavy exercise in highly-trained cyclists. Journal of Applied Physiology, 90(3), 926-932.

Media Studies/Cultural Studies
Consumer Culture
Communication
Sport Marketing & Sponsorship
Health/Tobacco & Alcohol Control Policies

Tobacco Marketing, Anti-Smoking Programmes and Adolescent Smoking Culture. This ongoing longitudinal study is examining the processes through which youth negotiate the conflicting messages about tobacco and smoking in their life-worlds.

Information Technologies, the World Wide Web and Online Journalism. This ongoing research is evaluating the impacts of the World Wide Web, Internet and related information technologies on the daily work of newspaper journalists. The study has two parts: 1) an examination of Canadian news web sites (including site architecture, modes of address, cross-platforming, interactivity); 2) a survey of sports editors and journalists regarding their use of internet technology for information retrieval and their news agencies' web-based editorial and marketing strategies.

Leatherdale, S. T., Sparks, R., & Kirsch, V. (forthcoming, 2006). Beliefs about tobacco industry (mal)practices and youth smoking behaviour: Insight for future tobacco control campaigns. Cancer Causes and Control.

Poland, B., Frohlich, K., Haines, R. J., Mykhalovskiy, E., Rock, M., & Sparks, R. (2006). The social context of smoking: The next frontier in tobacco control? Tobacco Control, 15, 59-63.

Darnell, S., & Sparks, R. (2005). Inside the promotional vortex: Canadian media construction of Sydney Olympic triathlete Simon Whitfield. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 40(3), 357-376.

Sparks, R., Dewhirst, T., Jette, S., & Schweinbenz, A. (2005). Historical hangovers or burning possibilities: Regulation and adaptation in tobacco and alcohol sponsorship, In J. Amis & T. B. Cornwell (eds.), Global sport sponsorship (pp. 19-66). Oxford & New York: Berg

Dewhirst, T., & Sparks, R. (2003). Intertextuality, tobacco sponsorship of sports, and adolescent male smoking culture: A selective review of tobacco industry documents. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 27(4), 372-398.

Sparks, R. (2002). Mystical and material embodiment: a comparative analysis. The Journal of Son-Mu (Zen-Martial Art), 12, 115-133.

Sparks, R., & Westgate, M. (2002). Sponsoring women's team sports: Broad-based and targeted sponsorship strategies in Canadian women's ice hockey. International Journal of Sport Marketing and Sponsorship, 3(1), 49-84.

Wilson, B., & Sparks, R. (2001). Michael Jordan, sneaker commercials, and Canadian youth cultures. In D. Andres (ed.), Michael Jordan inc.: Corporate sport, media culture, and late modern America (pp. 217-255). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

Sparks, R., & Green, L.W. (2000, November). Mass media in support of smoking cessation. National Cancer Institute. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph, No. 12, 199-216.

Hoek, J., & Sparks, R. (2000). Tobacco promotion restrictions: An international regulatory impasse? International Marketing Review, 17(3), 216-230.

Wilson, B., & Sparks, R. (1999). Impacts of black athlete media portrayals on Canadian youth. Canadian Journal of Communication, 24(4), 589-627.

Sparks, R. (1999). Youth awareness of tobacco sponsorship as a dimension of brand equity. International Journal of Sport Marketing and Sponsorship, 1(3), 236-260.

Sparks, R., & Green, L. (1998, July). Chapter IV. Mass media in support of smoking cessation. In L. Green & J. Frankish (eds.), Smoking cessation: A synthesis of the literature of program effectiveness (pp. 61-95). Report to the British Columbia Ministry of Health. Institute of Health Promotion Research: The University of British Columbia.

Research Keywords: Adolescent Issues, Cultural Studies, International Perspectives, Media, Semiotics, Text Studies, Policy Studies, Sociological Issues, Subcultures

Role of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Treatment of Patellar Tendionopathy

Clement, D. B., & Taunton, J. E. (in press). A review of the analgesic and inflammatory properties of farabloc in phantom limb pain and muscle injury. Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics.

Taunton, J. E., & Wilkinson, M. (2001). Rheumatology: Diagnosis and management of anterior knee pain. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 164(11), 1595-1601.

Cannell, L. J., Taunton, J. E., Clement, D. B., Smith, C., & Khan, K. M. (2001). A randomized clinical trial of the efficacy of drop squats or leg extension/leg curl exercises to treat clinically diagnosed jumper's knee in athletes: Pilot study. British Journal of Sport Medicine, 35, 60-64.

Taunton, J. E., Ryan, M. B., Clement, D. B., McKenzie, D. C., & Lloyd-Smith, D. R. (accepted 2001). An analysis of running injuries: The Vancouver Sun run. New Zealand Journal of Sport Medicine.

Taunton, J. E., Ryan, M. B., Clement, D. B., McKenzie, D. C., & Lloyd-Smith, D. R. (accepted 2001). Plantar fascilitis: A retrospective analysis of 267 cases. Physical Therapy in Sport.

McKim, K. R., Taunton, J. E. (accepted 2001). The effectiveness of compression shorts in the treatment of athletes with osteitis pubis. New Zealand Journal of Sport Medicine.

Research Keywords: Aging, Exercise Science and Promotion, Human Movement, Personal Injuries Issues, Physiology

Gender, Health and Physical Activity
Social and Cultural History of the Body
Feminism & Feminist Theory
Gender and Education
Sport and the Body
Social Policy: Education and Health

Regulating Fat Bodies: Normalizing Body Weight and Defining Fatness (SSHRC 2006-2009)

The Historical Impact of Body Typing and Normalizing Influences (SSHRC 2003-2006)

Peter Wall Institute for Advanced Study: Narratives of Health and Illness Project (1999-2004)

Bodies of Memory: Architecture, Space and Physical Culture (UBC-Hampton 2000-2002)

The Social Construction of the Gendered, Racial and Dis/abled Body (SSHRC 1996-1999)

The Effect of Popular Medical Discourse in Shaping the Attitudes of Elderly Women Toward Exercise (SSHRC 1993-1996)

Millington, B., Vertinsky, P., Boyle, E., & Wilson, B. (2008) Making Chinese/Canadian Masculinities in Vancouver’s Physical Education Curriculum. Sport, Education and Society, 13(2),195-214.

Hargreaves, J. & Vertinsky, P. (2007) Physical Culture, Power and the Body. London and New York: Routledge.

Mangan, J. & Vertinsky, P. (2007) Gender, Sport, Medicine. Selected Writings of Roberta J Park. London and New York: Routledge.

Vertinsky, P. (2007). What is Sport Medicine? Journal of Sport History, 34(1), 401-410.

Vertinsky, P. (2007) Physique as destimy: William H. Sheldon, Barbara Honeyman Heath and the struggle for hegemony in the science of Somatotyping. Canadian Bulletin of Medical History/ Bulletin Canadien d’histoire de la medicine, 24(2), 291-316.

Vertinsky, P. (2007). Hitler shook the tree and England collectedthe apples. Sportwissenchaft, the German Journal of Sport Science, 37(2), 139-150.

Vertinsky, P., Mcmanus, A., & Sit, C. (2007). Dancing class; schooling the dance in colonial and postcolonial Hong Kong. Sport, Education and Society, 12(1), 73-92.

Vertinsky, P., Boyle, E., & Millington, B. (2006). Representing the female Pugilist: Narratives of race, gender and disability in Million Dollar Baby. Sociology of Sport Journal, 23(2), 99-116.

Vertinsky, P. (2006). Power geometries in sporting spaces and places: The paradoxes of difference and exclusion. Clio: Histoire, Femmes et Societes, 23, 75-91.

Vertinsky, P. (2005). Schooling the dance: From dance under the Swastika to movement education in the British school. Journal of Sport History, 31(3), 401-423.

Vertinsky, P., & McKay, S. (2004). Disciplining bodies in the gymnasium: Memory, monument and modernism. London and New York: Routledge.

Vertinsky, P., & Bale, J. (2004). Sites of sport: Space, place and experience. London and New York: Routledge.

Vertinsky, P. (2003). Embodying normalcy: Anthropometry and the long arm of William Sheldon's Somatotyping project. Journal of Sport History, 29(1).

Vertinsky, P. (2002). Sporting women in the public gaze: Shattering the master narratives of aging female bodies. Canadian Woman Studies, 21(3), 58-63.

Vertinsky, P. (2001). Charlotte Perkins Gilman, feminism and physical culture. International Journal of History of Sport, 18(1), 55-72.

Vertinsky, P. (2001). Aging women, sport and physical activity. International Encyclopedia of Women and Sport (Berkshire Reference Works and Macmillan Reference), 22-27.

Vertinsky, P. (2001). New perspectives on sport history and aging. Perspectives: The Multidisciplinary Series of Physical Education and Sport Science, 2, 21-34.

Vertinsky, P. (2001). A militant madonna: Charlotte Perkins Gilman, feminism and physical culture. In F. Hong & J. A. Mangan (eds.), Freeing the female body: Inspirational icons (pp. 55-72). London: Frank Cass Publications.

Vertinsky, P. (2000). A woman's p(l)ace in the marathon of life: Feminist perspectives on physical activity and aging. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 8, 386-406.

Vertinsky, P. (1999). Gender relations, physical activity and sport history: Is it time for a collaborative research agenda? Gender and Sport from European Perspectives. Institute of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Copenhagen Press, 13-28.

Vertinsky, P. (1999). Fitness narratives: Gendered assumptions of the aging body, health and physical activity. In T. Terret (ed.), Sport and health in history (pp. 214-223). Academia Verlag: Sankt Angustin.

Vertinsky, P. (1999, Spring). Making and marking gender: The medicalization of the body from one century's end to another. Culture, Sport and Society, 2(1), 1-24.

Darren Warburton (PhD) is currently the founder and director of the Cardiovascular Physiology and Rehabilitation Laboratory at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada. Dr. Warburton is a Canadian Institutes of Health Research New Investigator and a Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research Clinical Scholar. His internationally renowned work spans the spectrum of elite athletic performance, childhood health, quality of life in the elderly, and the treatment of patients with chronic disease and/or disability (including individuals with heart disease, obesity, diabetes, osteoporosis, and spinal cord injury).

Dr. Warburton's primary objective is to enhance the current knowledge, through scientific inquiry, of the effects that physical activity and exercise have on cardiovascular function, health status, and Quality of Life across the lifespan.

Autonomic function and classification in high performance disabled athletes. Principal Investigators: Krassioukov, A., & Warburton, D. E. R.

A novel approach to the improvement of exercise adherence and health status in Canadian youths. Principal Investigators: Warburton, D. E. R., Rhodes, R. E., & Bredin, S. S. D.

Innovative approaches to improving health status in persons with chronic disease. Principal Investigators: Warburton, D. E. R., & Bredin, S. S. D.

The effectiveness of a novel community-based physical activity program on the risk for chronic disease in persons of different ethnicities. Principal Investigators: Warburton, D. E. R., & Bredin, S. S. D. Co-Investigators: Rhodes, R. E., Sabiston, C., Haykowksy, M. J., & Liang, Y.

Health behaviours during early parenthood (Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada) Principal Investigator: Rhodes, R. E. Co-investigators: Benoit, C., Blanchard, C. M., Levy-Milne, R., Naylor, P. J., Symons, Downs, D., & Warburton, D. E. R.

Enhancing the effectiveness of PAR-Q and PARmed-X screening for physical activity participation (Public Health Agency of Canada) Principal Investigators: Warburton, D. E. R., Gledhill, N., Jamnik, V., & McKenzie, D. C.

Novel approaches to preventing and treating orthostatic intolerance in healthy and clinical populations. Principal Investigators: Warburton, D. E. R., Jones, A., & Krassioukov, A.

Prolonged strenuous exercise and cardiovascular function. Principal Investigators: Warburton, D. E. R., Haykowsky, M. J., George, K., Shave, R., & Whyte, G.

Optimizing the aerobic training of patients with cardiovascular disease. Principal Investigators: Warburton, D. E. R., Chan SY, Haykowsky, M. J., & Ignaszweski A.

Krassioukov, A., Warburton, D. E. R., Teasell, R., Eng, J. J., & the SCIRE Research Team. (in press). A systematic review of the management of autonomic dysreflexia following spinal cord injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.

Rhodes, R. E., Warburton, D. E. R., & Murray H. (in press). Characteristics of physical activity guidelines and their effect on adherence: a review of randomized trials. Sports Medicine.

Scott, J. M., Esch, B. T. A., Shave R, Warburton, D. E. R., Gaze, D., & George, K. (in press). Cardiovascular consequences of completing a 160 km ultra-marathon. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise.

Scott, J. M., & Warburton, D. E. R. (in press). Mechanisms underpinning exercise-induced cardiac fatigue. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. Invited Review.

McKay, H. A., Macdonald, H. M., Reed, K. E., Warburton, D. E. R., Rhodes, R. E., Ahamed, Y., & Naylor, P. J. (in press). Beyond physical education: Providing more opportunities for school-based physical activity through Action Schools! BC. Canadian Journal of Public Health.

Reed, K. E., Warburton, D. E. R., Macdonald, H. M., Naylor, P. J., & McKay, H. A. (in press). Action Schools! BC: A school-based physical activity intervention designed to decrease cardiovascular disease risk factors in children. Preventive Medicine. 2008 Mar 10. [E-pub. ahead of print]

Zbogar, D., Eng, J. J., Krassioukov, A. V., Scott, J. M., Esch, B. T. A., & Warburton, D. E. R. (2008). The effects of functional electrical stimulation leg ergometry training on arterial compliance in individuals with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord published online April 15, 2008 http://www.nature.com/sc/journal/vaop/ncurrent/index.html#15042008

Quinney, H. A., Dewart, R., Game, A., Snydmiller, G. J., Warburton, D. E. R., & Bell, G. (2008). A 26-year physiological description of a National Hockey League team. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism, 33(4), 1–8.

Naylor, P. J., Macdonald, H. M., Warburton, D. E. R., Reed, K. E., and McKay, H. A. (2008). An active school model to promote physical activity in elementary schools: Action Schools! BC. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 42(5), 338-43.

Scott, J. M., Esch, B. T. A., Lusina, S. J., McKenzie, D. C., Koehle, M. S., Sheel, W. A., & Warburton, D. E. R. (2008). Post-exercise hypotension and cardiovascular responses to moderate orthostatic stress in endurance-trained males. Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism, 33, 246-53.

Lusina, S. J., Warburton, D. E. R., Hatfield, N. G., & Sheel, A. W. (2008). Muscle deoxygenation of upper-limb muscles during progressive arm-cranking exercise. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism, 33, 231-8.

Warburton, D. E. R., & Gledhill, N. (2008). Final Word: Stroke volume does not decline during exercise at maximal effort in healthy individuals. Journal of Applied Physiology, 104, 285.

Warburton, D. E. R., & Gledhill, N. (2008). Rebuttal: Stroke volume does/does not decline during exercise at maximal effort in healthy individuals. Journal of Applied Physiology, 104, 279.

Warburton, D. E. R., & Gledhill, N. (2008). Counterpoint: Stroke volume does/does not decline during exercise at maximal effort in healthy individuals. Journal of Applied Physiology, 104, 276-278. *Invited to give the counterpoint in this international debate.

Tomczak, C. R., Warburton, D. E. R., Riess, K. J., Jendzjowsky, N. G., Esch, B., Liang, Y., Haennel, R., & Haykowsky, M. J. (2008). Pulmonary oxygen uptake and heart rate kinetics during the six-minute walk test in transplant recipients. Transplantation, 85(1), 29-35.

Warburton, D. E. R. (2007). Chair summary and comments: Respiratory limitations to exercise tolerance in different populations. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism, 32(6), 1221-1224.

Tomczak, C. R., Warburton, D. E. R., Riess, K. J., Jendzjowsky, N. G., Liang, Y., Bhambhani Y, & Haykowsky, M. J. (2007). A prediction model for estimating pulmonary oxygen uptake during the 6-minute walk test in organ transplant recipients. Transplantation Proceedings, 39(10), 3313-3316.

Warburton, D. E. R., Bredin, S. S., Gledhill, N., Jamnik, V., McKenzie, D. C., & Shephard, R. J. (2007). Personal trainers for obese patients. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 177(11), 1391.

Warburton, D. E. R., Katzmarzyk, P., Rhodes, R. E., & Shephard, R. J. (2007). Evidence-informed physical activity guidelines for adults. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 98(2), S16-S68. *Invited review.

Warburton, D. E. R., Katzmarzyk, P., Rhodes, R. E., & Shephard, R. J. (2007). Evidence-informed physical activity guidelines for adults. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism, 32(2E), S16-S68. *Invited review.

Tremblay, M. S., Shephard, R. J., Brawley, L. R., Adams, R., Cameron, C., Craig, C. L., Duggan, M., Esliger, D., Hearst, W., Hicks, A., Janssen, I., Katzmarzyk, P.T, Latimer, A. E., Martin Ginis, K. A., McGuire, A., Paterson, D. H., Poirier, R., Sharratt, M., Spence, J. C., Timmons, B., Warburton, D. E. R., Young, K., & Zehr, L. (2007). Physical activity guidelines and guides for Canadians: facts and future. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism, 32(2E), S218-S224.

Tremblay, M. S., Shephard, R. J., Brawley, L. R., Adams, R., Cameron, C., Craig, C. L., Duggan, M., Esliger, D., Hearst, W., Hicks, A., Janssen, I., Katzmarzyk, P.T, Latimer, A. E., Martin Ginis, K. A., McGuire, A., Paterson, D. H., Poirier, R., Sharratt, M., Spence, J. C., Timmons, B., Warburton, D. E. R., Young, K., & Zehr, L. (2007). Physical activity guidelines and guides for Canadians: facts and future. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 98(2), S218-S224.

Jendzjowsky, N. G., Tomczak, C. R., Lawrance R, Taylor D, Tymchak WJ, Riess, K. J., Warburton D, Haykowsky, M. J. (2007). Impaired pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics and reduced peak aerobic power during small muscle mass exercise in heart transplant recipients. Journal of Applied Physiology, 103, 1722–1727.

Warburton, D. E. R., Whitney Nicol, C., Gatto, S. N., & Bredin, S. S. D. (2007). Cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis: balancing risk management. Vascular Health and Risk Management, 3(4), 1-17. *Invited review.

Warburton, D. E. R. (2007). Get that body moving: Your doctor keeps telling you to stay fit. Here’s why. Health Essentials, 1, 4-7. *Invited review.

Esch, B. T. A., Scott, J. M., Haykowsky, M. J., McKenzie, D. C., & Warburton, D. E. R. (2007). Diastolic ventricular interactions in endurance-trained athletes during orthostatic stress. American Journal of Physiology Heart Circulation Physiology, 293(1), H409-15.

Warburton, D. E. R., Eng, J. J., Krassioukov, A., Sproule, S., & the SCIRE Research Team. (2007). Cardiovascular health and exercise rehabilitation in spinal cord injury. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation 13(1), 98-122. *Invited review.

Warburton, D. E. R., Bredin, S. S. D., Horita, L. T. L., Zbogar, D., Scott, J. M., Esch, B. T. A., & Rhodes, R. E. (2007). The health benefits of interactive video game exercise. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism, 32(4), 655–663.

Warburton, D. E. R., & Bredin, S. S. D. (2007). Response to letters to the Editor: Health benefits of physical activity. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 175(7), 777.

Warburton, D. E. R., Taylor, A., Bredin, S. S. D., Esch, B. T. A., Scott, J. M., & Haykowsky, M. J. (2007). Central haemodynamics and peripheral muscle function during exercise in patients with heart failure. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism, 32(2), 318-331.

Esch, B. T. A., Bredin, S. S. D., Haykowsky, M. J., Scott, J. M., & Warburton, D. E. R. (2007). The effects of the pericardium on the cardiac function of endurance-trained athletes under conditions of physiological stress. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism, 32(2), 311-317.

Scott, J. M., Esch, B. T. A., Goodman, L. S., Bredin, S. S. D., Haykowsky, M. J., & Warburton, D. E. R. (2007). Cardiovascular consequences of gravitational stress: implications for effective countermeasures. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism 32(2), 332-339.

Warburton, D. E. R., & Haykowsky, M. J. (2007). Introduction to the review papers regarding the evaluation of cardiac function across the health spectrum under diverse conditions of physiological stress. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism, 32(2), 309-310.

Esch, B. T. A., Scott, J. M., & Warburton, D. E. R. (2007). Creation of a lower body negative pressure chamber. Advances in Physiology Education, 31(1), 76-81.

Reed, K. E., Warburton, D. E. R., & McKay, H. A. (2007). Determining cardiovascular disease health risk in elementary school children: Determining a Healthy Heart Score. Journal of Sport Science and Medicine, 6(1), 142-148.

Scott J. M., Esch. B. T. A., Haykowsky M. J., Isserow, S., Koehle, M. S., Hughes, B. D., Zbogar, D., Bredin, S. D., McKenzie, D. C., & Warburton, D. E. R. (2007). Sex differences in left ventricular function and beta-receptor responsiveness following prolonged strenuous exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 102(2), 681-687.

Research Keywords: Exercise Science and Promotion, Health and Fitness Research and Education, Physical Education, Physiology

Research interests and projects lie in areas related to consumer culture, media, youth culture, the environment, social inequality, social movements, qualitative methods, and sport and leisure studies generally. Previous work includes writing and research on: the role of new media in the emergence and development of youth activist groups; recreation-related initiatives for underserved youth (e.g., youth experiences in drop-in recreation programmes); the 'rave' dance/drug subculture in Southern Ontario; youth audience interpretations of media messages (e.g., interpretations of race and gender images; interpretations of anti-smoking messages); portrayals of youth in mass media (e.g., moral panics about youth violence); media portrayals of race and gender (e.g., images of Black athletes in commercial advertising; messages about masculinity in talk radio); and fan involvement in sport-related movements to save/revive sport franchises (and the political and economic factors that impact the success of these movements).

Currently Principal Investigator on a Standard Research Grant funded through the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) entitled Corporate Environmentalism and the Canadian Golf Industry. Writing and research programme continues to revolve around findings from a recently completed project (also funded through a SSHRC Standard Research Grant) entitled Connected Youth: A Study of Youth-Driven Social Movements, Globalization, and Community in the Age of the Internet.

Wilson, B., & Hayhurst, L. (in press). Digital activism: Neo-Liberalism, the Internet, and ‘Sport for Development’. Sociology of Sport Journal.

Millington, B., & Wilson, B. (in press). Context masculinities: Media consumption, physical education, and youth identities. American Behavioral Scientist.

Wilson, B. (in press). Ethnography, the Internet, and youth culture: Strategies for examining social resistance and "Online Offline" relationships. In M. Srinivasan & R. Mathur (Eds.), An ethnographic approach to cyber media. Nagarjuna Hills, Punjagutta, India: ICFAI University Press. (Reprint of 2006 article published originally in Canadian Journal of Education)

Millington, B., Vertinsky, P., Boyle, E., & Wilson, B. (2008). Making Chinese-Canadian masculinities in Vancouver's physical education curriculum. Sport, Education and Society, 13(2), 195-214.

Wilson, B. (2008). Believe the hype?: The impacts of the Internet on sport-related subcultures. In M. Atkinson & K. Young (Eds.), Tribal play: sport, subcultures and countercultures (pp. 135-152). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Science.

Wilson, B. (2007). New Media, Social movements, and global sport studies: A revolutionary moment and the sociology of sport. Sociology of Sport Journal, 24(4), 457-477.

Wilson, B. (2007). Oppression is the message: Media, sport, spectacle and gender. In P. White & K. Young (Eds.), Sport and gender in Canada (2nd ed.) (pp. 212-233). Toronto, ON: Oxford University Press.

Jette, S., Wilson, B., & Sparks, R. (2007). Female youth interpretations of smoking in film. Qualitative Health Research, 17(3), 323-339.

Wilson, B. (2006). Ethnography, The Internet and youth culture: Strategies for examining social resistance and ‘Online-Offline’ relationships. Canadian Journal of Education, 29(1), 307-328.

Darnell, S., & Wilson, B. (2006). Macho media: Unapologetic hypermasculinity in Vancouver’s ‘talk radio for guys’. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 50(3), 444-466.

Wilson, B. (2006). Selective memory in a global culture: Reconsidering links between youth, hockey and Canadian identity. In R. Gruneau & D. Whitson (Eds.), Artificial Ice: Hockey, Culture, and Commerce (pp. 53-70). Peterborough, ON: Broadview/Garamond Press.

Sabiston, C., & Wilson, B. (2006). Britney, the body and the blurring of popular cultures: A case study of music videos, gender, a transcendent celebrity, and health issues. In L. Fuller (Ed.), Sport, rhetoric, and gender, Historical perspectives and media representations (pp. 199-210). New York: Palgrave.

Greenberg, J., & Wilson, B. (2006). Youth violence, moral panic, and the Canadian news media: news coverage of school shootings in the United States and Canada. In P. Attallah & L. Regan Shade (Eds), Mediascapes, New patterns in Canadian communication (pp. 95-113). Toronto, ON: Thomson/Nelson.

Conceptual Approaches to Games Education
Developmental Curricula for Games Education
Health Related Physical Education

Identification of Generic, Theoretical Basis for Team Games and a Common Discourse for Team Game Instruction

Wilson, G. (2002). What's missing in the education of games teachers: A framework for teaching tactical game knowledge. JOPHERD, 73(1), 20-26.

Wilson, G., Waddell, L., Notte, J., Petit, M., & McKay, H. (2000). The health benefits of a "health bones" fourth and fifth grade physical education curriculum: A Richmond BC schools study. CAHPERD, 66(3), 22-28.

Research Keywords: Adolescence Issues, Curriculum Studies, Pedagogy, Physical Education